Environment, Water and Ecology. Environmental role of synthetic surfactants.
Background.
In the previous parts of this series of the material posted, it was explained why it is so important to analyze the issues of aquatic environment, water quality, and related issues of how chemicals interact with aquatic organisms (see Part 1, [1]). Also, it was shown that aquatic organisms contribute a lot to improving water quality, as exemplified by the organisms that are filter-feeders (Part 2, [2]).
Goal.
In this material (which is item 3 to continue the series of previous posts on Environment, Water and Ecology [1, 2]), the goal is to consider additional eye-opening information on chemical pollutants of water, especially on the chemicals that until recently were considered as relatively safe, namely, synthetic surfactants.
Location in industrial products.
These chemicals – surfactants – are components of many industrial products of broad use: laundry detergents, shampoo, liquid soap, dish washing liquid detergents, cosmetics, car cosmetics, pipe washing mixtures (including pipes of various use, e.g., pipes for milk and pipes for gasoline), liquids for fire extinguishers, and even pesticide mixtures of broad use in agriculture, horticulture, and in making lawns and playing grounds for golf to look nice.
Variety of names.
These chemicals are known under various names: surfactants, detergents, tensides, surface-active substances, surface active agents.
Quantity. Discharge that pollutes the environment.
The daily discharge of surfactants to waste waters is more than 10 g per an average inhabitant of urbanized areas, which means a discharge of 10 thousand kilogram in a city of 1 million people, which is equal to 22 thousand pound every day or more than 6 million pound annually!
Safe or not?
Until recently the synthetic surfactants were considered as relatively safe chemicals. Their level of environmental hazard was considered far lower than the environmental hazards from the champions of pollution, the notorious ecotoxicants: heavy metals, chlororganic products, PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls), insecticides, herbicides, just to list a few …
Innovation and eye-opening discovery.
The point is that recent research [3 – 5] demonstrated that it was a wrong opinion. A key issue is the issue of criteria to use for assessment of the environmental hazards of chemicals. Recently, a development of new criteria was made [3].
These criteria gave attention not only to easily visible lethal effects of chemicals (increase in mortality of the organisms tested in the experiments) but also to less noticeable sublethal effects (which decrease functional performance of the organisms and finally their health). Moreover, more attention was given to the ecosystem health.
New experiments showed a variety of negative effects of surfactants on bacteria and cyanobacteria, algae, higher plants and invertebrates, including mussels and oysters that are key organisms that are being grown in aquaculture [3-5].
The results on the new approach, and new experiments, were presented in a series of papers [4 ] and the book [5 ]. The results demonstrated that the synthetic surfactants pose a more serious hazard to environment, especially water environment [3 – 5], than it was previously thought.
This is the book [5], in which a large amount of innovative results of bioassay of synthetic surfactants and detergents is presented. As it was mentioned, the experiments discovered many negative effects of these chemicals on bacteria and cyanobacteria, algae, higher plants and aquatic invertebrates.
Bottom line.
As a matter of fact, the discovery is: a new hazard to environment, a new priority in preventing negative effects of chemical pollution, in prevention of deterioration of water quality.
Recognition: international scientific community.
The book mentioned and the related papers were cited by scientists of a number of countries as diverse as U.S.A., Germany, U.K., Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria, Spain, Turkey, China, Slovakia, and Argentina (in arbitrary order) [6].
Location of the laboratories.
This research was carried out at Moscow State University (Russia), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (U.K.), University of New York (U.S.A.), University of Maryland (U.S.A.), and the Institute of Biology of Southern Seas (Crimea, Ukraine). A concise summary was presented in [7].
Foam and surfactants: a contrasting variety of connotations, including Venus, or Aphrodite.
According to legends of the ancient Greek mythology, a foam produced by sea water was a place of birth of the goddess of love, Aphrodite (Venus in mythology of ancient Rome). Love (to Simonetta Vespucci, nicknamed la bella Simonetta) and the legend on Venus inspired a genius painter of Renaissance, Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli (c. 1445 – 1510), to create one of the most charming images of the cultural heritage of mankind: The Birth of Venus (in Italian: Nascita di Venere; 1486). However, the research project and the book that summarized its results and was mentioned above added some less charming connotations to another type of foam, namely the foam produced by synthetic surfactants.
Location of this post in the series of posts.
This post is No.3 in the series on Environment, Water and Ecology. The previous posts were:
[1] Will wars of future be related to modern science and theories of ecology? Key issues, water quality: scientific fundamentals, achievements, discoveries, bibliography.
[2] on the discovery of the key role of organisms in making water clear http://sergostroumov.scienceblog.com/2012/04/14/discovery-of-the-key-role-of-organisms-that-filter-water-and-make-it-clear/
**
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND KEY SITES:
[1] Will wars of future be related to modern science and theories of ecology? Key issues, water quality: scientific fundamentals, achievements, discoveries, bibliography.
[2] on the discovery of the key role of organisms in making water clear http://sergostroumov.scienceblog.com/2012/04/14/discovery-of-the-key-role-of-organisms-that-filter-water-and-make-it-clear/
[3] new criteria for environmental hazards: http://www.scribd.com/doc/60891549; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49088234; www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12852181; http://www.scribd.com/doc/52636721/
[4] series of papers on ecotoxicology of surfactants and detergents: http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065593; http://www.scribd.com/doc/59417067/; http://www.scribd.com/doc/52634169/; http://www.springerlink.com/content/p7754h672w814m30/; http://www.scribd.com/doc/45914806; http://www.scribd.com/doc/45958156/; scribd.com/doc/59544597/;
[5] on the book Biological Effects of Surfactants : http://www.scribd.com/doc/64066178/;
[6] on citation: www.scribd.com/doc/54504932
[7] summary: http://www.scribd.com/doc/60757545;
Addition:
interesting posts on innovations in environmental science:
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-ru-x-none-x_03.html;
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/04/environmental-science-key-bibliography.html;
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/05/websites-on-scientific-activities-of.html;
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/05/blog-post.html;
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/05/discovery-of-inhibitory-analysis-in.html;
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/05/aquatic-macrophyte-ceratophyllum.html;
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/04/well-cited-article-inhibitory-analysis.html;
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/05/innovative-contribution-to-solution-to.html;
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/05/new-scientific-terminology-integral.html;
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/05/monetary-estimate-of-good-scientific.html;
Discovery of the key role of organisms that filter water and make it clear
New facts on hazardous biological and toxic effects of surfactants and detergents: paradigm shifted
On the author: http://famous-scientists.ru/3732/
ecological, discoveries, 2012, science, terminological,
Key words:
Venus, Aphrodite, love, goddess, environment, detergents, surfactants, tensides, surface active substances, pollutants, ecotoxicology, environmental, chemistry, water, sustainability; aquatic, ecosystem services, marine, resources, environmental safety, protection, hydrosphere, pollution, control, prevention, decontamination, book, biotesting, bioassay, phytotest, phytotoxicity, ecology, improving, water quality, environmental sciences, purification, self-purification, ecosystem health, freshwater, streams, water bodies, pollution control, sublethal, hazard assessment, aquaculture,
The discovery of many new negative biological effects of synthetic surfactants is in accord with the known facts on the molecular mechanisms of interactions of these chemicals with cells and other biological structures. These chemicals are able to damage biological membranes, which are a basis of many biological structures.
Harvard University acquired and has in the library the book mentioned above:
Biological Effects of Surfactants
by Dr. S.A.Ostroumov.
key words: environmental sciences, ecology, biology, ecotoxicology, aquatic sciences,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/80331879/
Citation of the book ‘Biological Effects of Surfactants’ by scientists of Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Austria, Slovakia, Germany, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Denmark, United Kingdom, Poland.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/82403759/
Cited the book ‘Biological Effects of Surfactants’:
**
M.B. Yagci, S. Bolca, J.P.A. Heuts, W. Ming, G. de With. Self-stratifying antimicrobial polyurethane coatings. – Progress in Organic Coatings. 2011. In press;doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2011.04.021.
M.B. Yagci a, S. Bolca b, J.P.A. Heuts c, W. Ming a, G. de With a,a Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology,5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; b Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of BioscienceEngineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium;c Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands;http://www.scribd.com/doc/58216082/;
J. Sánchez-Martín, J. Beltrán-Heredia, P. Gibello-Pérez. Adsorbent biopolymers from tannin extracts for water treatment. – Chemical Engineering Journal, 168 (2011) 1241-1247. journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/cej;
Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain; http://b23.ru/nfh1;http://www.scribd.com/doc/56982071/
**
F. Ferk, M. Misík1, C. Hoelzl, M. Uhl2, M. Fuerhacker3, B. Grillitsch4, W. Parzefall, A. Nersesyan, K. Micieta1, T. Grummt5, V. Ehrlich and S. Knasmüller*;
– Author Affiliations: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria;1Department of Botany, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia;2Federal Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria;3University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria;4University of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Vienna, Austria;5German Environmental Protection Agency, Bad Elster, Germany;The Biologist (Lima, Peru) 2010, 8:43-53. ISSN 1816-0719.
**
EFECTO DE UNDETERGENTE BIODEGRADABLE EN AGUA EN LA REPRODUCCIÓN DE DAPHNIAMAGNA [=EFFECT OF A BIODEGRADABLE DETERGENT IN WATER ON DAPHNIAMAGNA REPRODUCTION] Castiglioni, M.1,2 & Collins, P.1,2;
1 Escuela Superior de Sanidad- FBCB- UNL. Cuidad Universitaria Pje El Pozo s/n, 3000 Santa Fe , Argentina. 2Instituto Nacional de Limnología- CONICET-UNL. Cuidad Universitaria Pje El Pozo s/n, 3000Santa Fe, Argentina.
**
J. Saudi Chem. Soc., Vol. 12, No. 4; pp. 489-514 (2008); SURFACTANTS PART 1:OVERVIEW ON THEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Hamad A. Al-Lohedan* and Fawzia F.Al-Blewi
Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, SaudiArabia;
**
Wilcoxon, J. P.1 and Abrams, B. L. 2 2010. Nanosized Photocatalysts in EnvironmentalRemediation. Nanotechnology. 51±124.Author Information:1 University of Birmingham, Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Birmingham, UnitedKingdom;2 Danish Technical University, Department of Physics Nano DTU Center for Integrated Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;Chem Rev. 2011 Sep 14;111(9):5667-700. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
**
Analytics of surfactants in the environment: problems and challenges. Olkowska E, Polkowska Z., Namiesnik J.Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland. ewaolkow@wp.pl
**
New citation of this book:
The book that was cited: S.A. Ostroumov. Biological Effects of Surfactants.
ARTICLE that cited the book:
J.Beltran-Heredia, J.Sanchez-Martın, C.Gomez-Munoz (University of Extremadura, Spain) Performance and characterization of a new tannin-based coagulant. Journal (open access): Applied Water Science. http://www.scribd.com/doc/89751214/
Stanford University, U.S.A.:
Library acquired books authored and co-authored by Dr. S.A.Ostroumov. Ecology, Nature Conservation. Environmental Toxicology, Anthropogenic effects, Hazard Assessment, Ecotoxicology of Synthetic Chemicals especially detergents, surfactants.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/80155261
New contribution to environmental science: ecotoxicology of organic pollutants/chemicals/xenobiotics/contaminants.
Environmental hazards from detergents. New type of anthropogenic impact.
http://sergostroumov.scienceblog.com/2012/04/17/environment-water-and-ecology-part-3-environmental-role-of-synthetic-surfactants/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+SergeiOstroumov+%28Sergei+Ostroumov%29
**
German.
Neuer Beitrag zum Umwelt-Wissenschaft: Ökotoxikologie organischer Schadstoffe: Chemikalien: Xenobiotika: Verunreinigungen.
Gefahren für die Umwelt aus Waschmitteln. Neue Art von anthropogenen Einfluss.
**
French.
Nouvelle contribution à la science de l’environnement: l’écotoxicologie des polluants organiques: produits chimiques: des xénobiotiques: les contaminants.
Dangers pour l’environnement provenant des détergents. Nouveau type de l’impact anthropique.
**
Spanish.
Nueva contribución a la ciencia ambiental: ecotoxicología de contaminantes orgánicos: productos químicos: xenobióticos: contaminantes.
Los peligros ambientales de los detergentes. Nuevo tipo de impacto antropogénico.
**
Italian.
Nuovo contributo alla scienza ambientale: ecotossicologia di sostanze chimiche inquinanti organici / / / contaminanti xenobiotici.
Pericoli per l’ambiente dai detergenti. Nuovo tipo di impatto antropico.
**
Portuguese. Nova contribuição para a ciência ambiental: ecotoxicologia de poluentes orgânicos: produtos químicos: xenobióticos: contaminantes.
Perigos para o ambiente dos detergentes. Novo tipo de impacto antropogénico.
**
Dutch. Nieuwe bijdrage aan het milieu wetenschap: ecotoxicologie van organische verontreinigende stoffen: chemische producten: xenobiotica: verontreinigingen.
Gevaren voor het milieu van detergenten. Nieuw type van menselijke impact.
**
Swedish. Nytt bidrag till miljövetenskap: ekotoxikologi av organiska föroreningar: kemikalier: xenobiotika: föroreningar.
Miljörisker rengöringsmedel. Ny typ av mänsklig påverkan.
**
Norwegian. Nytt bidrag til miljølære: økotoksikologi av organiske miljøgifter: Kjemikalier: xenobiotics: forurensninger.
Miljøfarer fra vaskemidler. Ny type menneskeskapt påvirkning.
**
Finnish. Uusi osuutta ympäristötieteet: ekotoksikologiaan orgaanisia: kemikaalit: ksenobioottien: epäpuhtauksia.
Ympäristön vaarojen pesuaineita. Uudentyyppinen ihmistoiminnan vaikutuksesta.
**
Danish. Nyt bidrag til miljøvidenskab: økotoksikologi af forurenende organiske stoffer: kemikalier: xenobiotika: forureninger.
Miljøfare fra rengøringsmidler. Ny type af menneskeskabte påvirkninger.
**
Chinese. 环境科学有机污染物：化学品：外来物质：污染物的生态毒理学的新贡献。
从洗涤剂的环境危害。人为影响的新类型。
**
環境科學有機污染物：化學品：外來物質：污染物的生態毒理學的新貢獻。
從洗滌劑的環境危害。人為影響的新類型。
**
Japanese. 環境科学への新しい寄与：有機汚染物質の生態毒性：化学物質：異物：汚染物質。
洗剤から環境災害。人為的な影響を与える新しいタイプの。
**
Korean. 환경 과학에 대한 새로운 공헌 : 유기 오염 물질의 ecotoxicology : 화학 물질 : xenobiotics : 오염 물질.
세제의 환경 위험. anthropogenic 영향 뉴 타입.
**
Indonesian. Baru kontribusi terhadap ilmu lingkungan: Ekotoksikologi polutan organik: bahan kimia: xenobiotik: kontaminan.
Lingkungan bahaya dari deterjen. Baru jenis dampak antropogenik.
**
Iranian. Persian. کمک جدید به علم محیط زیست: ecotoxicology از آلاینده های آلی: مواد شیمیایی: xenobiotics: آلاینده ها است.
خطرات زیست محیطی از مواد شوینده. نوع جدیدی از تاثیر انسانی.
**
Arabic. جديد المساهمة في تقدم العلوم البيئية: السمية للملوثات العضوية: المواد الكيميائية: xenobiotics: الملوثات.
المخاطر البيئية من المنظفات. نوع جديد من تأثير الأنشطة البشرية.
**
Hebrew. תרומה חדשה במדעי הסביבה: ecotoxicology של מזהמים אורגניים: כימיקלים: xenobiotics: מזהמים.
מפגעים סביבתיים של חומרי ניקוי. סוג חדש של השפעה אנתרופוגניים.
**
Turkey. Çevre bilimi için yeni bir katkı: organik kirleticilerin ekotoksikolojisi: kimyasallar: ksenobiyotiklerin: kirleticiler.
Deterjan ile çevresel tehlikeleri. Antropojenik etkinin Yeni tip.
Results of scientific work of Dr. S. Ostroumov
http://www.scribd.com/doc/80074854/All-About-Scientific-Results-and-Activities-of-Dr-Sergei-a-Ostroumov;
http://b23.ru/k3th;
All about scientific results and activities of Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov: Motto: Discovery non-stop, from revolution in fundamentals of ecology toward new high ecotechnologies.
Twitter: @sergeiost
http://twitter.com/Sergeiost
Key sites are presented below IN SEVEN SECTIONS:
1 AWARDS, HONORS; 2. DISCOVERIES; 3. PUBLICATIONS; 4. CITATION;
5. COMMENTS, EVALUATIONS, REVIEWS; 6. AVAILABILITY IN LIBRARIES WORLDWIDE; 7. CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION;
**The key sites organized according to the six sections
1.AWARDS, HONORS: Awards, Certification of quality of scientific results of Dr. S.A. Ostroumov: diplomas, certificates, medals: http://www.scribd.com/doc/79842122/;
2. DISCOVERIES:
**EXAMPLES OF The key discoveries and innovations that were made by Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov, and the scientific questions that were answered in his publications: http://www.scribd.com/doc/61828106/;
**Discoveries: scribd.com/doc/594374393.
** 18 key discoveries, innovations: http://www.scribd.com/doc/83168032;
3. PUBLICATIONS:
**Annotated English bibliography: In the form of a list; Environmental Science,Ecology. Dr. S. Ostroumov; with comments: http://www.scribd.com/doc/79546542;
** Key annotated bibliography on the most important issues of ecology, environment (the innovations authored by Dr. S. O.) with short comments on what is new, in the form of a simple table, which is easy to read and understand and use: http://www.scribd.com/doc/74026302;
**Annotated bibliography in several languages, including: Arabic, Armenian, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Georgian, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Moldovan, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian: http://www.scribd.com/doc/78605260/;
**Most cited publications: http://www.scribd.com/doc/58228788
**Most viewed materials: http://www.scribd.com/doc/61435402
**Key papers: http://www.scribd.com/doc/63407123
**This book was acquired by the key world libraries:
cover picture, abstract, list of the reviews of the books (favorable): http://www.scribd.com/doc/64066178/
**More bibliography: http://www.scribd.com/doc/81500941/;
Bibliography of Dr. S.A.O. At the service: Refdoc.fr 136 results http://www.scribd.com/doc/81500264/;
Bibliography of Dr. S.A.O. According to Internet service http://worldwidescience.org http://www.scribd.com/doc/81482445/;
Bibliography. Publications of Dr. S.A. O. Preview of first 2 pages. The list of publications according to the Internet service rd.springer.com; Preview of the first pages (page 1 and page 2) of each publication is available free at: http://rd.springer.com http://www.scribd.com/doc/81480498/;
Dr. S.A.O. This is a list of some of the publications authored, co-authored by Dr. S.A.O. according to the internet service AuthorMapper,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/81474486/;
Bibliography. HathiTrust Digital Library. Books authored, coauthored by Dr. S.A.O. HathiTrust Digital Library is a digital preservation repository and highly functional access platform. It provides long-term preservation and access services http://www.scribd.com/doc/81458011/Australia-papers-of-Russian-Scientist-Moscow-State-University-Cited-in-Australia-Examples-Bioassay-of-Phytotoxicity-of-Surfactants-Detergents-With-the;
Papers of Russian scientists (Moscow State University) cited in Australia (examples). http://www.scribd.com/doc/81430208/;
Gabriel, Gateway to Europe’s National Libraries. Books and some other publications by Dr. S.O. Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, France, Iceland, Italy, Serbia, Russia, Slovakia, Turkey, UK. Pictures of the covers of the Books authored and co-authored by Dr. S. O.: http://www.scribd.com/doc/63499091/;
Publications indexed: Web of Science: http://www.scribd.com/doc/82458780/;
4. CITATION:
** Scholars of these over 300 institutions (worldwide) have cited the publications (biology, ecology, environment) authored by Dr. Sergei A. O.: http://www.scribd.com/doc/60225505;
**Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Biology, updated; Citation of Dr. S.A. O.’s works in the U.S.A. http://www.scribd.com/doc/79577206
**World-wide citing Dr. S.O.: scribd.com/doc/54504932;
**In Russian: http://www.scribd.com/doc/80564027/;
** Citation. The book ‘Biological Effects of Surfactants’ was cited by scientists of Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Austria, Slovakia, Germany, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Denmark, United Kingdom, Poland and other countries: http://www.scribd.com/doc/82403759/
5. COMMENTS, EVALUATIONS, REVIEWS:
**Evidence of merit: scribd.com/doc/59927430;
**Reviews, evaluations of the publications of Dr. S.A. O. Diplomas, certificates. Language: English:http://www.scribd.com/doc/79818820/;
**Reviews, evaluations; language: mainly Russian: http://www.scribd.com/doc/70758746/;
6. AVAILABILITY IN LIBRARIES WORLDWIDE:
**Books, other works in University of California, other U.S. and key world schools: http://www.scribd.com/doc/79934197/;
**The U.S.A., Harvard University, and some other institutions: http://www.scribd.com/doc/76963064/;
**The U.S.A., Library of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): http://www.scribd.com/doc/78915437/;
**COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE: Availability of the books authored by Dr. S.A.O.: The libraries of a number of countries worldwide acquired the books, have the publications (ecology, environment, biology) by Dr. S. O.: Ecology, Biology, Environmental Sciences in the libraries of Europe, North America, Asia, Australia, Africa: Denmark, USA, Canada, France, Switzerland, Japan, China, Korea, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Slovakia, United Kingdom, Finland, Poland, Serbia, Turkey, Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, Singapore, South Africa, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and others: http://www.scribd.com/doc/77617474/;
**Papers available in U.S. libraries. Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Sciences, Biology. Authored, co-authored by Dr. S.A.O.: http://www.scribd.com/doc/80220904/;
** Publications (books, papers) available in U.S. Library: National Agricultural Library (NAL) of USDA. In Catalog: Agricolahttp://www.scribd.com/doc/81677620/;
7. CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION:
**Some of Dr. S. Ostroumov’s scientific results were used in lectures delivered to
university students in the U.S.A., Germany, Netherlands, and other countries. More detail on how Dr. S. O.’s publications are being used to modernize education:
**http://www.scribd.com/doc/53784108/Modernizing-education-Ostroumov;
**http://b23.ru/nlov
Addition.
About this author, in Russian: http://famous-scientists.ru/3732/
Dissemination of scientific knowledge: broader impact:
Gold and nanoparticles: http://sergostroumov.scienceblog.com/2012/05/05/a-new-way-of-mining-gold-from-water-environment-nanomaterials-water-gold-know-how-using-biological/
New ecological terminology and cyborgs:
http://sergostroumov.scienceblog.com/2012/05/04/new-conceptualization-and-terminology-proposed-biomachinery-cyborgs-vs-biomachinery/;
Innovations in Environmental Toxicology and goddess of love, Venus (Aphrodite):
http://sergostroumov.scienceblog.com/2012/04/17/environment-water-and-ecology-part-3-environmental-role-of-synthetic-surfactants/
Interest in Internet to publications on ecology of Dr. S.Ostroumov
Interest in Internet to publications on ecology of Dr. S.Ostroumov (from Russia, U.S.A., Ukraine, India, and other countries).
Интерес пользователей Интернета к публикациям по экологии
**
Notifications from Internet:
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